What is EB-5 visa? With Donald Trump administration cracking down on student visas, Indians explore this route for a path to Green Card

US President Donald Trump’s mounting restrictions on student visas, has many Indians presently in the US and prospective college applicants considering the EB-5 visa route. This visa scheme offers a route to permanent residency or Green Card for foreign investors who contribute $800,000 (approximately Rs 7 crore).Global universities' international student communities are facing growing challenges due to administrative and political disputes, as noted by specialists in the field. In the past, international students in the US could secure their stay through status modifications that allowed them to work and travel within the country.Immigration lawyers have witnessed a doubling of EB-5 applications from Indian students during the last four to five months of Donald Trump's second presidential term.The current US administration's less welcoming stance towards international students has prompted those aged 19-24, particularly in sought-after disciplines such as computer science, biotech and finance, to increasingly pursue EB-5 visas.The annual quota for this category is restricted, with India allocated roughly 700 visas. Given that the US remains the preferred destination for higher education, with 86,000 Indians enrolled in 2024, experts anticipate intense competition for EB-5 visas this year."There is a sharp jump in EB-5 applications," Rajneesh Pathak, founder of Global North Residency and Citizenship, an immigration law firm, told ET. "But unlike previous years, when we had most-ly H-1B visa holders applying, the interest from F-1 visa holders has risen by 100% over the last few months."Also Read | ‘Went COLD TURKEY, it was devastating for them…’: Donald Trump slams China for ‘violating’ trade agreement with US - what went wrong this time?The non-immigrant F-1 visa permits international students to enter and remain in the US for full-time academic studies, offering limited work permissions.According to experts, parents are exercising extra caution given the current US political climate. "They are willing to invest in EB-5 to secure the future of their children," said Pathak.Recent developments contributing to widespread concern include the suspension of new F-1 visa appointments, conflict between the Trump administration and Harvard University, stricter F-1 visa regulations, intensive review of students' documentation including social media activity, SEVIS system technical issues, and enhanced scrutiny at entry points."The F-1 visa, once as a bridge to opportunity, now feels like a tightrope," said Akshat Gupta, head of India & UAE, US Immigration Fund (USIF), an EB-5 Regional Centre operator.Since January, USIF has witnessed a 100% increase in F-1 visa holders applying for EB-5 visas compared to 2024.US legal practice Chugh LLP reports a significant increase in EB-5 applications from Indian students holding F-1 visas.Also Read | ‘Sergey Brins of the world came as students..’: Raghuram Rajan warns about risks to US economy if foreign students are curbed by Trump"Roughly one-third of my new immigration consultations now involve students worried about how US politics could affect their status," said Navneet S Chugh, attorney, who runs the firm. The firm's EB-5 enquiries from students have risen from one or two quarterly last year to five to seven monthly this spring."The Harvard dispute simply reminds them how quickly rules can change," said another lawyer.Davies and Associates, a US-based immigration law firm, reports substantial enquiries from Indian students and H-1B visa holders interested in pursuing the EB-5 visa pathway.The processing duration for I-526E applications has reduced considerably compared to previous periods."In some instances, what once took three years is now being processed in as little as three months," said its founder and chairman, Mark Davies. He noted that applicants maintain the freedom to reside and work in the US whilst their Green Card applications are under review.According to Sukanya Raman, country head at Davies and Associates, Green Card holders receive legal safeguards unavailable to F-1 visa students. "We are advising students to maximise their time within the US and avoid unnecessary foreign travel or extended breaks," she told the financial daily.Also Read | Remittances tax: How Donald Trump's 'The One Big Beautiful Bill’ may turn out to be ugly for Indians in the US