Why Elon Musk’s SpaceX Starship exploded before splashdown in a third consecutive failure

On May 27, 2025, SpaceX’s ninth Starship test flight ended in failure when the upper-stage Starship disintegrated during re-entry over the Indian Ocean. This marked the third consecutive test flight failure in 2025, following earlier unsuccessful attempts in January and March. The launch from Starbase, Texas, initially proceeded as planned, but critical issues during the descent phase led to the mission’s total loss. Despite the setback, SpaceX views the test as a critical step in developing its fully reusable rocket system for future missions to the Moon and Mars.The test flight encountered a significant failure during the descent phase, one of the most challenging aspects of the Starship mission. The upper-stage Starship, designed to return through Earth’s atmosphere, suffered from significant fuel leaks while in orbit. These leaks caused a rapid loss of internal pressure and attitude control, leading the vehicle to spin uncontrollably and disintegrate during re-entry. Additionally, the upper stage failed to deploy a dummy Starlink prototype payload due to a malfunctioning payload door, further compounding the mission’s challenges.Elon Musk remains committed to SpaceX’s goal of making life multiplanetary, with Starship designed to carry cargo and humans to destinations like the Moon and Mars. Musk is expected to deliver a presentation titled “The Road to Making Life Multiplanetary,” outlining SpaceX’s plans to overcome recent failures and advance its ambitious objectives. The company aims to increase launch frequency in the future, supported by regulatory approvals, to accelerate development through iterative testing.Musk highlighted several technical successes despite the failure. The rocket achieved its scheduled engine cut-off during ascent, a key milestone indicating that some subsystems performed as intended. SpaceX’s iterative development approach, which leverages data from both successes and failures, continues to drive progress. The company collected extensive data during the test, which will inform engineering improvements for future flights.The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reported no injuries or damage to public property following the incident, as the failure occurred over the Indian Ocean. The FAA is likely investigating the cause of the disintegration, consistent with its oversight of SpaceX launches, and is working closely with the company. Recently, the FAA granted SpaceX permission to conduct more than five launches per year, reflecting growing support for rapid testing despite safety concerns.SpaceX’s philosophy of rapid prototyping and real-world testing contrasts with traditional aerospace methods, which prioritize slower, risk-averse development. Each test flight, whether successful or not, contributes to building a reliable, reusable rocket system. With continued FAA cooperation and government backing, SpaceX is poised to push the boundaries of commercial space exploration, even in the face of repeated setbacks.