Snakebite first aid: What works and what doesn’t

In many parts of the world, especially in rural and forested regions, encountering snakes is a part of daily life. While some snakes are harmless and prefer to avoid human contact, the danger of a venomous bite is real, especially during the monsoon season, when snakes are more likely to leave their flooded habitats and enter human spaces. Snake Bites can cause serious injuries or even lead to death if not treated quickly and properly.Unfortunately, during panic-stricken situations, people often try outdated methods or myths to handle snake bites, many of which can do more harm than good. There are many so-called “remedies” that have been proven ineffective or even dangerous over time. Knowing the right first aid steps can make a critical difference in someone’s survival and recovery.Here are some dos and don’ts to keep in mind while giving snakebite first aid.The most important step is to stay calm. Panicking increases the heart rate, which can cause venom to spread faster through the body. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "keeping the victim still is crucial as movement can increase venom absorption.” It is advised that the person be made to sit or lie down to limit their movement as much as possible. Reassure them, and try to keep the affected limb below the heart level.No home remedy or traditional medicine can replace proper medical treatment. Snake venom can affect the nervous system, blood clotting, and internal organs. Call emergency services or get to the nearest hospital as quickly as possible. Antivenom is the only specific treatment for venomous snakebites and must be given by medical professionals. As said by WHO, “Timely administration of antivenom is critical to reduce the risk of death and disability.”Swelling is common after a snakebite, so it’s important to remove rings, watches, or tight clothing near the bite area to avoid further complications. It is also advisable to note the snake’s colour and shape if it can be done safely, but one should not attempt to catch it. This can help doctors identify the species and choose the appropriate antivenom. Focus on staying safe and reaching medical help as fast as possible.One of the most dangerous myths is the idea of cutting the bite site or sucking out the venom. This can lead to more tissue damage or infection. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "do not apply ice, cut the wound, or try to suck out the venom.” These methods have been proven ineffective and often make things worse by introducing bacteria or causing unnecessary bleeding.Another common mistake is tying a tight tourniquet or band above the bite or applying ice to the area. These actions can restrict blood flow too much, causing more harm than good. The CDC warns that “tourniquets can cause serious damage and do not stop the venom from spreading.” Instead, it is advisable to gently immobilise the limb with a splint or bandage to slow down venom movement, without cutting off circulation.